BIO LET REVIEW

General Education Component
NATURAL SCIENCE (Biology)

Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the best answer.
The following occur during the light reaction of photosynthesis EXCEPT:
splitting of water molecules
excitation of chlorophyll molecules
oxygen formation
reduction of carbon to simple sugar
This pushes the bolus from the pharynx to move down the esophagus :
A. Peristalsis C. Muscle contraction
B. Deglutition D. Churning
It aids in the daily elimination of feces:
A. fish and meat C. green leafy vegetable
B. milk D. rice
When the right and left halves of an organism are exact mirror images of each other, the term is:
A. asymmetrical C. bilateral symmetry
B. unilateral symmetry D. genetic symmetry
The roots exhibit geotropism due to :
many root hairs
A. starch grains in the root cap
rapid cell division in the apical meristem
cell enlargement in the zone of elongation
Monocots possess the following characteristics EXCEPT:
large seed endospern
fibrous root system
primary growth of tissues
netted leaf venation
7. Turbidity in water would lower primary productivity in the aquatic ecosystem due to:
a. decrease photosynthetic rate c. dispersion of dissolved nutrients
b. increase in water level d. decrease oxygen level
8. Two normal parents had an offspring who grew up to be a midget. A possible cause is the malfunctioning of:
a. ovary c. pituitary gland
b. thryroid gland d. adrenal gland
9. If blood from fresh wound takes a long time to clot, there is a deficiency in:
a. prothrombin c. erythrocytes
b. thrombin d. leucocytes
10. A couple had heterozygous genes for tallness. The genotypic ratio of their offsprings is:
a. 2 homozygous tall, 2 heterozygous short
b. 1 homozygous tall, 2 heterozygous tall, 1 homozygous short
c. 4 heterozygous tall
d. 4 heterozygous short
11. Ana is allergic to pollens. This illustrates:
a. individual differences
b. complexity of pollen grains
c. protein specificity
d. macromolecule incompatibility
12. After a strenuous exercise, one experiences muscular pain due to:
a. lack of blood supply
b. lactic acid formation
c. hydrolysis of glycogen
d. muscular contraction
13. Adding too much fertilizer to the soil is harmful to plants because of:
a. cytolysis of root cells
b. plasmolysis of root cells
c. increase water uptake
d. accumulation of toxins
14. The process of producing alcohol from grapes with the aid of microorganisms:
a. food processing c. distillation
b. fermentation d. alcoholism
15. Deoxyribose nucleic acid is the genetic material making up the chromosomes. The following refers to DNA except:
a. phosphate group c. replicating
b. uracil d. mutations
16. The following are characteristics of bacteria and blue-green algae except:
a. single chromosome
b. respiratory machinery in plasma membrane
c. absence of murein in cell wall
d. absence of endoplasmic reticulum
17. The process of engulfing big food particles by ameoba is:
a. ameoboid movement c. pinocytosis
b. phagocytosis d. ingestion
18. This organelle brings about self-destruction of old and malfunctioning cells:
a. mitochondria c. lysosomes
b. kinetosomes d. golgi bodies
19. A carotenoid pigment responsible for the red color of ripe tomatoes is:
a. phycoerythrin c. lycopene
b. phycocyanin d. fucoxanthin
20. The following are characteristics of mitosis EXCEPT:
a. somatic cell division c. diploid number of chromosomes
b. DNA replication d. tetrad formation
21. The following are significance of meiosis EXCEPT:
a. genetic variation
b. reproduction in bacteria
c. formation of haploid number of chromosomes of gametes
d. restoration of diploid number of chromosomes in zygote
22. Glycine is coded as GGU, GGC, GGA. What characteristic of genetic code is illustrated here?
a. universal c degenerate
b. triplet d. non-ambigous
23. This animal tissue is characterized by semi-solid matrix with cells found in lacunae occuring in ends of ribs and ears:
a. muscles c. cartilage
b. bone d. adipose tissue
24. The development of annual rings in roots and stems of woody plants is brought about by :
a. xylem c. sclereids
b. phloem d. vascular cambium
25. The bark is removed in girdling. This results to the death of the woody plant due to :
a. removal of phloem
b. removal of xylem
c. accumulation of food in the upper portion of the girdle
d. loss of water from the stem
26. This type of root system is utilized in preventing soil erosion.
a. taproot c. adventitious
b. fibrous d. prop
27. The fight and flight reaction of man is brought about by the action of this hormone:
a. cortison c. adrenalin
b. glucagon d. thyroxin
28. Red algae are adapted to live in deeper water due to its:
a. carrageenan in cell wall c. phycocyanin
b. phycoerythrin d. holdfast
29. Fungi are saprophytic due to:
a. mycelia c. absence of chlorophyll
b. sporangia d. absence of true roots
30. Earthworms must have constantly moist skin for:
a. burrowing c. respiration
b. body movement d. reproduction
31. The advantage of molting in arthropods is:
a. regeneration c. reproduction
b. growth d. formation of exoskeleton
32. The shark is able to maintain balance while swimming due to its:
a. lateral line c. fins
b. ears d. swim bladder
33. This structure is highly developed in birds for control of equilibrium and muscle coordination for flight.
a. sternum c. cerebellum
b. cerebrum d. feathers
34. Bald males are either BB or Bb individuals while Bb female individuals are not bald. Thus, baldness is an example of:
a. holandric genes c. X-linked genes
b. sex-influenced trait d. complete dominance
35. It is a disease characterized by weak deformed bones due to the absence or lack of Vitamin D.
Rickets c. Pellagra
b. Scurvy d. Xeropthalmia
The new DNA which results from genetic engineering is called:
a. recombinant DNA c. nucleotide
b. DNA hybridization d. complementary DNA
Who of the parents contributes the sex chromosomes that determines the sex of the offspring?
a. female parent c. male parent
b. both parents d. neither of the two
The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the different parts of the body:
a. superior vena cava c. pulmonary arteries
b aorta d. capillaries
Describe the skeletal muscles:
a. striated; involuntary c. smooth; voluntary
b. nonstriated; voluntary d. striated; voluntary
The enzyme present in the saliva that digests starch:
a. pepsin c. insulin
b. ptyalin d. maltase
This stage of mitosis is characterized by the division of the centromere resulting to the formation of single stranded chromosomes moving to opposite poles:
a. anaphase c. prophase
b. metaphase d. telophase
The liver secretes bile for:
a. storage of sugar c. emulsify fats
b. digests sugar d. digests protein
Ginger and potato are examples of modified:
a. roots c. leaves
b. runners d. stems
A compound that gives the blood its red color and responsible for the transport of oxygen.
a. calcium c. phosphate
b. hemoglobin d. magnesium sulfate
A hormone that promotes growth of mustache, beard, and muscles development among males.
a. testosterone c. estrogen
b. ACTH d. progesterone
It is a membrane that closes the air tube whenever we swallow to prevent choking.
a. sphincter c. epiglottis
b. valve d. epithelium
These serve as openings for gas exchange between the stem and the atmosphere:
a. lenticels c. stomata
b. epidermis d. cuticle
The following organelles are found only in plant cells EXCEPT:
a. chloroplasts c. centrioles
b. central vacuole d. leucoplasts

49. What type of flowers are the corn tassels?
a. perfect flowers c. carpellate flowers
b. staminate flowers d. complete flowers
What structure of a flower are the corn silks of the corn ear?
a. ovaries c. sepals
b. petals d. stigmas
Stomata of most plants are generally open …
when there is elevated concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
when there is drought
during the day to permit entry of carbon dioxide
during the night to minimize water loss
Ferns, club mosses, horsetails and hornworts are known as
a. bryophytes c. angiosperms
b. algae d. kelps
The process responsible for the ascent of water from the roots to the shoots
a. translocation c. osmosis
b. transpiration d. active transport
Jose has been fasting for 48 hrs. How does his body maintain its physiological activities in spite of this?
hydrolysis of stored proteins to amino acids
hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose
hydrolysis of water to oxygen
slower rate of metabolic activities
Males have 5-6 M erythrocytes per mm3 of blood compared to females with 4-5 M erythrocytes per mm3 of blood. This may be due to:
males have bigger body built than females
males need more energy for metabolic activities
females are capable of pregnancy
females have their monthly menstruation
Which of the following is mismatched?
plumule--- leaves b. epicotyl --- stem
c. coleoptile --- root d. hypocotyl --- root/shoot junction
57. This process which involves cell division, growth and differentiation replaces the lost body parts of an animal.
a. regeneration b. development
c. homeostasis d. adaptation
In snapdragons, tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfness (t). Flowers could be red (R) or white (W) or pink. A dwarf red snapdragon is crossed with a plant homozygous for tallness and white flowers. What are the phenotypes and genotypes of the F1 individuals?
a. TtRr --- tall and red b. ttRW --- dwarf and pink
c. TtRW --- tall and pink d. TtWW --- tall and white
The gene for gray body (B) is dominant over black body (b) in fruitflies. Two gray flies were mated and 158 gray flies and 49 black flies were subsequently produced. What are the probable genotypes of the parents?
a. BB x BB b. Bb x Bb
c. BB x Bb d. Bb x bb
Which parent determines the sex of the child?
a. mother b. father
c. grandparents d. both parents
A normal body cell of a dogfish shark contains 24 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are there in each of its gametes?
a. 24 b. 48
c. 6 d. 12
The sequence of the amino acids in the protein molecule is determined by the:
sequence of nitrogenous bases of DNA
nucleotide sequence of RNA
deoxyribose sugars of DNA
anticodon sequence of transfer RNA

In which society are castes demonstrated:
a. salmon b. birds
c. honeybees d. turtles
Which among the following exhibits double fertilization?
a. mammals b. reptiles
c. angiosperms d. fungi
The oxygenation of the blood in our body is formed by the:
diffusion of carbon dioxide from the different body cells to the blood in the blood capillaries
diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood in pulmonary capillaries
diffusion of oxygen from the heart to the blood in blood capillaries
hydrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen
These structures are responsible for the formation of urine in the kidneys:
a. glomeruli b. nephrons
c. renal pelvis d. ureters
Siamese twins develop from:
single ovum fertilized by a sperm cell fails to separate completely after mitosis
single ovum fertilized by two sperm cells fails to separate completely after mitosis
single ovum fertilized by a sperm cells divides completely after mitosis
two ova fertilized by two sperm cells
The positions of the diaphragm and rib cage during expiration:
flattened diaphragm and elevated rib cage
flattened diaphragm and lowered rib cage
dome-shaped diaphragm and elevated rib cage
dome-shaped diaphragm and lowered rib cage
Which do not belong to the group?
a. sternum b. humerus
c. phalanges d. radius and ulna
Raul’s blood agglutinated after blood transfusion from blood types A and B. This shows that he belongs to blood type:
a. A b. B
c. AB d. O