BIOLOGIC

1. A glucose molecule is to starch as
A. a steroid is to a lipid
B. a protein is to an amino acid
C. a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide
D. a nucleotide is to a nuclei acid
E. an amino acid it to a nucleic acid

2. What makes a fatty acid an acid?
A. IT does not dissolve in water
B. it is capable of bonding with other molecules to form fat
C. It has a carboxyl group that donates a hydrogen ion to a solution
D. it contains only 2 oxygen atoms
E. it is a polymer made of smaller subunits

3. Where in the three dimensional structure of a protein would you be most likely to find a hydrophobic amino acid R group?
A. at both ends of the polypeptide chain
B. on the outside, in the water
C. covalently bonded to another R group
D. on the inside, away from the water
E. covalently bonded to the amino group of the next amino acid

4. The enzyme called pancreatic amylase is a protein whose job is to attach to starch to starch molecules in food and help break them down to disaccharides. Amylase cannot break down cellulose. Why not?
A. cellulose is a kind of fat not a carbohydrate like starch
B. cellulose molecules are much too large
C. starch is made of glucose ; cellulose is made of other sugars
D. the bonds between sugars in cellulose are much stronger
E. the sugars in cellulose bond differently, giving cellulose a different shape

5. A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture
A. DNA D. fatty acids
B. proteins E. sucrose
C. cellulose

6. Lipids differ from other biological molecules in that they
A. are much larger D. do not contain carbon
B. are not true polymers E. containing nitrogen atoms
C. do not have specific shapes

7. Which functional group (s) act (s) as an acid?
A. carbonyl D. carboxyl
B. amino E. all of the above
C. hydroxyl

8. Sara would like to film the movement of chromosomes when a cell divides. Which of the following would work best for this purpose and why?
A. A light microscope, because of its greater resolving power
B. a transmission electron microscope because of its greater magnification
C. a scanning electron microscope because the specimen is alive
D. a transmission electron microscope, because of its greater resolving power
E. a light microscope, because the specimen is alive

9. The cells of an ant and a horse are, on average, the same small size; a horse just has more of them. Why are cells so small?
A. If cells were any larger, they would burst
B. Small cells are easy to replace if damaged or diseased
C. Small cells are able to absorb what they need
D. it takes little energy and materials to make small cells
E. small cells can change the shape easily
10. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A. The presence or absence of a rigid cell wall
B. whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
C. the presence and absence of ribosomes
D. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
E. whether or not the cell contains DNA

11. Which of the following is not directly involved in cell support or movement?
A. microfilament C. microtubule E. cell wall
B. flagellum D. lysosome

12. A type of cell called a lymphocyte makes proteins that are exported from the cell. It is possible to track the path of these proteins as they leave the cell by labeling with radioactive isotopes. Which of the following might be the path of proteins from where they are made to the lymphocyte’s plasma membrane?
A. chloroplast … Golgi … plasma membrane
B. Golgi … rough ER … plasma membrane
C. rough ER … Golgi … plasma membrane
D. smooth ER … lysosome … plasma membrane
E. nucleus … Golgi … rough ER … plasma membrane

13. Which of the following processes produces the most ATP molecules per molecule consumed?
A. lactic acid fermentation
B. Krebs cycle
C. electron transport and chemiosmosis
D. alcoholic fermentation
E. glycolysis

14. When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle soon grid halt as well. Why do you think they stop?